Summary

Structure of entrails of the Earth and features of surface in Grinkiškis and Pašušvys neighbourhoods

Valentinas Baltrūnas

Characteristics of Grinkiškis and Pašušvys neighbourhoods (Radviliškis district) the entails of the Earth and surface of the land in the territory of the present Grinkiškis eldership, and on some issues - in the wider region. The structure entrails of the Earth largely determined the main features of the surface of the areas (types of deposits, hilliness, valleys), which in turn divides the different types of soil, some geological resources (underwater, boulders, pebbles, clay, etc.), swampiness, forested. All of this had a significant impact on the accommodation of the areas, the development of agriculture and animal husbandry, the use of local geological resources in construction, and the supply of drinking water. The available data has allowed several generalizations to be made. The described districts are located in two large geomorphological regions: the Eastern Žemaičiai Plateau and the Nevėžis Moraine Plain. They are separated by the eastern slope of the moraine ridge of Middle Lithuania. The evolution of the surface is related to the accumulation processes of the Baltija Stage of the Last (Nemunas) Glacial and of the Middle Lithuanian Phase of glaciers, also the erosion activity of the Šušvė River and its tributaries. Based on the data of the surrounding boreholes in the area described, the crystal basement of our planet is a depth of about 1,300 - 1,400 m. Above it, the layers of sea sediments deposited in the periods of the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Permian and Triassic. They are covered with Quaternary deposits (thickness 40-120 m), largely composed of glacial moraine loam and sandy loam. The entrails of the described areas, so far, are not characterized by solid mineral resources, but they are known and exploited in adjacent neighborhoods. The most valuable asset of the entrails is groundwater, which is currently exploited in six watering-places, as well as in individual boreholes. Groundwater is often extracted from wells. Deep groundwater and groundwater, as well as the quality of the landscape and soil, are endangered by the high concentration of pollution in these areas.